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                   December 2004 Newsletter

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New Milk Withholding Time

Leo Yellow the milking cow tubes have been re licensed and I am sorry to say that the milk withholding time has been extended to 132 hours. It is difficult to understand exactly why this has been necessary as I understand that the company that makes the tubes is not aware that there has ever been a problem with reported antibiotic residues for this product. Whenever there is a change to the way that a product is used the new regulations apply immediately regardless of the information on the box or on the labels that have been used. Over the years we have seen a steady increase in the withholding times for all of the mastitis tubes and some of the injections. This has an impact on both treatment costs and the likely out come of a course of treatment. There is I fear a tendency to stop the tubes as soon as the milk is returning to normal rather that twenty four hours after the milk is clear. This gives a far better chance of a clinical cure and stops the infection re establishing it’s self again.

Mastitis Treatment Re Visited

Because of the long withholding times we have started to stock erythrocin intramammary again. This used to be a useful tube, then sometime ago it disappeared because the manufacturers were having production difficulties. Now it is readily available once more. These are the tubes to try if you have a mild case of mastitis. They do not contain a high concentration of antibiotic and are not powerful enough on their own to treat cows with hard quarters or when the milk goes watery. The great advantage with erythrocin intramammary is that the milk withholding time is only 36 hrs so it might be worth giving them a try again for milder cases.

New Testing Arrangements

You will by now have had information from DEFRA about the new testing arrangements for Tuberculosis and have heard about their zero tolerance policy for tests that go overdue. It is only recently that you have had letters from DEFRA reminding you that tests were due, the old system was that we were sent a list each month with the tests due for the following month and normally with your co operation we have been able to complete them within that time. This was working well and it meant that most of you were having tests in the same month each time a test was due. Now all this has changed because you now get a letter informing you when the test has to be completed by and somehow you must organize your time to fit it in before then. This means that most tests have moved back and are done before their normal time.

Testing Intervals

As well as this the testing intervals in Shropshire have changed because of the increased incidence of the disease and because of the increasing numbers of infected badgers that have been found even though theses have not always been linked to herd breakdowns. The risk from Tuberculosis is determined by parishes, not the distance from a herd that has had a breakdown. At the moment the parishes of Worthen and Church Stretton are on annual testing and all of the others in our area are moving onto a test every two years. As well as that all cattle will be tested each time in parishes where there is annual testing. On other farms you may be asked for a whole herd test depending on what is happening around you. There is a further change for routine tests where cows and bulls are normally seen. We have now been asked to ensure that any animals purchased since the last test and any heifers and young bulls intended for breeding are included in the test as well.

Number of Infected Farms

In some ways this is a knee jerk reaction to respond to the growing number of Tuberculosis incidents. Last year 233 reactors were taken from Shropshire farms. Compare that to 393 animals up until the end of October this year. This is a worrying trend as November and December are traditionally months where many herds are tested so the numbers will rise further before the end of the year. At the end of last month seventy three herds were under restrictions in Shropshire because of Tuberculosis.

What to Expect

Tuberculosis is an unpredictable disease in the way that it does not always seem to follow a set pattern within the herd. Our experience is that if it is detected early, especially if it starts in the summer, it will not necessarily get established and you may well have no further reactors than those found on the first test. It is obviously better if no visible lesions are found in the chest and lymph glands because the disease has been detected at an early stage before it has had a chance to spread. In other farms you may continue to get reactors for three or four tests before the infection stops. There is always the thought that on the worst affected farms the BVD virus is in some way involved in the spread of the disease. BVD has been shown to damage the immune system of the animals that it infects. Herds with BVD often have more than their fair share of pneumonia and mastitis to contend with as well as the better recognized infertility problems. Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that grows only slowly in the host animal. It will get established more readily only if there has been a massive exposure to the infectious organism or if some other virus helps it to overwhelm the defenses of the cow.

Controlling the Infection

The increased testing frequency on most farms may well have a marginal effect on reducing the spread of the disease. I had hoped that by now we would have established some sort of agreement so that there would be pre movement testing to stop the spread of infection particularly to dairy farms and to farms that fatten cattle. From the spring of next year this is to be implemented for all cattle going to Scotland, so why not introduce it for cattle originating from the south west of the country and from other counties where the disease is rampant?  

National Fallen Stock Scheme

The much delayed National Fallen Stock Scheme has at last swung into action after a stuttering start last week when the computer system was not working properly. It has not been easy to work out the cost of sending fallen stock on this new scheme because different prices are quoted depending on your post code. In general for most farms it seems to be more expensive to used the official scheme than the arrangements that are already in place which is most disappointing considering the large sums of money that have been invested to make the new system work. Just where the ten million pounds that was supposed to keep the costs down in the first year went is anybodies guess.

 

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